Mandibular fracture

Abstract

The maxillofacial region is one of the areas most affected by trauma. Mandibular fractures are classified according to the anatomical region involved in: symphysis, parasymphyseal, body, angle and mandibular ramus, the latter is divided into condylar and coronoid processes. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is indicated for the evaluation of dentomaxillofacial f ractures, without the overlap inherent in conventional radiography. This report describes the case of a f racture in the body and angle of the jaw, studied by CBCT in a 38-year-old male patient who attended the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery consultation with a history of facial trauma due to physical aggression. When evaluating multiplanar reconstructions, the right mandibular body shows a f racture line extended f rom the basal edge to the alveolar ridge between teeth 44 and 45, with displacement of segments. The left mandibular angle shows a double f racture line that extends obliquely f rom the basal edge towards the alveolar crest between teeth 38 and 37, with displacement of the segments and involvement of the mandibular canal; Likewise, a diffuse hypodense image was evidenced in the alveolar bone adjacent to the crown of 38, suggestive of an osteolytic process. In the case presented, the CBCT improve the identification of the presence of fractures, extension, displacement of the segments and involvement with the adjacent anatomical structures, such as the mandibular canal and teeth, fundamental evidences in the planning of surgical treatment.